Intracranial pressure is an important health indicator that can change depending on age, body condition, and external factors. In children, its increase is of particular concern, as it can be associated with various diseases or pathologies. Let's consider the main causes, manifestations, and approaches to diagnosing and treating this condition.

causes of increased pressure
Intracranial pressure is associated with the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain and spinal cord. In newborns and small children, its increase can be caused by perinatal brain damage that occurs during pregnancy, childbirth, or in the first weeks of life. Fetal hypoxia, infectious diseases, intoxication, as well as injuries and tumors often become risk factors. Early closure of the large fontanelle can also interfere with normal fluid circulation, which leads to increased pressure.

how to recognize in small children
In children of the first year of life, increased intracranial pressure is often manifested by an increase in head circumference, which significantly exceeds normal values ​​for their age. Parents may notice frequent regurgitation, unreasonable crying, refusal to eat, trembling of the hands or chin. The child's eyeballs may be excessively convex and drooping downwards, and the large fontanelle is noticeably bulging and pulsating.

Manifestations in older children
In preschoolers and schoolchildren, increased intracranial pressure often manifests itself as chronic headaches that intensify with mental and emotional stress. These conditions may be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, irritability and mood swings. In some cases, seizures, strabismus and signs of mental retardation appear, which affects learning and social development.

Diagnostics
To make a diagnosis in children under one year, an ultrasound examination of the brain through an unclosed fontanelle is used. In older children, whose fontanelle has already closed, magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography is used. An examination by an ophthalmologist is also mandatory, who can detect swelling of the optic nerve discs, confirming high pressure.

treatment
Treatment depends on the degree of increased intracranial pressure. In mild cases, drugs that improve cerebral circulation and metabolic processes, such as nootropics, are prescribed, as well as general strengthening procedures, including gymnastics and massage. With severe symptoms, diuretics, sedatives or sleeping pills are used. In severe cases, when conservative treatment does not give results, surgery may be required.

the importance of timely diagnosis
Increased intracranial pressure in children is a serious condition that requires the attention of doctors and parents. Timely diagnosis and treatment help to avoid complications and ensure the normal development of the child. Regular visits to the pediatrician and adherence to the recommendations of specialists are the key to the health and well-being of the little patient.